2013年12月12日

《哭泣與耳語》Cries & Whispers (1972, dir: Ingmar Bergman)



*劇透,留意。


不經不覺,黑洞映室舉辦的瑞典電影大師英瑪褒曼(Ingmar Bergman)電影導賞團經已來到第七週。個人感覺到了這段時期的褒曼越來越好看,越來越顯得出他的大師級水平。由《對鏡猜謎》Through a Glass Darkly (1961)、《假面》Persona (1966)、到昨日看的《哭泣與耳語》Cries & Whispers (1972) 都是我看罷不停回想的作品 (碰巧三套都是只用很少場景,《對》在一個小島上、《假》主要在度假別墅、而《哭》全都在大宅中),特別是Persona 及 Cries & Whispers,很欣賞褒曼的電影語言及技巧、欣賞他的創意、更欣賞他對自己的了解及對世界的看法。

《哭泣與耳語》,如導賞導師Vicky 所言,中譯名雖美但譯得不太好。它英文名字的Cries 不只解作哭泣,看過電影便知,幾位女主角都曾不同程度地大叫而非單單流淚,我認為譯作《叫喊與耳語》可能較貼切,兩個詞語亦較有相反的意思。


電影圍繞四位女主角,三姐妹中的Agnes (Harriet Andersson飾) 患上絕症,在大宅裹由女僕Anna (Kari Sylwan飾)陪伴。Agnes 兩位已嫁的姐妹Maria (Liv Ullman 飾)及Karin (Ingrid Thulin飾)也特地回到大宅暫住來守望病危的她。電影的一大主題為Pain,苦楚,幾位女主角皆有痛苦,Agnes 命不久矣,最後時刻對拒病魔時更辛苦不堪。Harriet Andersson 的演繹七情上面,痛苦的叫喊聲此起彼落,Vicky 用Piercing 這個詞來形容這種觀影感受很準確;Anna 早前喪女,每天還在惦掛女兒之際又將有至親的人離開人間; 其餘兩姐妹一冷一熱,同時她倆的婚姻生活都不美滿。Maria 很熱情,甚至濫情,趁丈夫不再是與醫生鬼混,但熱情/濫情背後卻拖著寂寞的身影;Karin 完全相反,她認為一切皆為謊言,自己只求孤身活著,自我封閉到連與丈夫行房都抗拒。為了不與丈夫行房,Karin 竟把玻璃碎片插入自己下體,滿身鮮血,自己亦因而達至高潮,某程度上已到,甚或至乎特破了一個臨界點。這四個身心受到莫大創傷的女人,困在一間大宅裹,令觀眾所感受的都是了無止境的人性的絕望。







Vicky 認為電影上有不少宗教的隱喻,最顯然易見的是一幕Anna 除下半邊衣領,如聖母抱著耶穌般(如Pieta)抱著剛去世的Agnes, 那一場其實頗刻意,本來是Close-up 卻突然來個正面full shot,但刻意得來又不覺老套,反而很有藝術感,很美很「神聖」。Anna 本身就是四人之中最有母愛的角色,儘管故事提到另一名女角(忘了是Karin 或Maria)也有小孩,卻沒有半點母親的感覺,只有Anna 最像一名母親。從她的禱告中亦看到她很忠於信仰的人,說她是聖母的象徵看來有說服力。Agnes 的死也有如耶穌被釘十架一樣,痛苦得來有種贖罪、救贖的意味,起碼因她的死亡,曾嘗試令自己兩個姐妹反思自己的個性,不管是否「盡皆謊言」。如果,Anna 和Agnes 是聖母及耶穌,那另外兩名姐妹又可怎樣演繹呢?是十二門徒還是耶穌受苦是在旁的途人?有一幕非常深刻的是Agnes 「復活」時,兩姐妹都對其非常反感與恐懼。我不熟聖經,忘記了是誰懼怕耶穌的復活,或許再找找會令這個演繹更加傳神,更有意思。電影中也有一個牧師/神父的角色,只出了兩場戲,卻有精彩的演出。憑他一兩句說話便知,他是一個對信仰有質疑的牧者,他在Agnes 身後事時,說了Agnes 其實比他自己有更強的信念;而他為Agnes 祈禱時,看到他根・本・都・不・相・信・從自己口中說出的話,那個內心的衝突大概就是褒曼寫這個角色的投影吧。




我最喜歡這套電影在於它的結局,褒曼非常巧妙地在電影一前一後透過「日記」這物件作首尾呼應及敍事、帶出主題。在將近電影尾聲,各個角色的發展都算是「塵埃落定」,人性的殘酷全部被鏡頭記錄下來,只剩下Anna 留在大宅。她拿起了日記,是Agnes 生前的日記,是Agnes 在電影一開始時,起床寫了一句「It is Early Monday and I am in Pain。」的那本日記。我已經急不及待想知道究竟Anna 讀出的是甚麼說話、甚麼故事。她竟然讀了可能是Agnes 死前最開心的一段記憶!鏡頭一轉看見了全片都很少見到的秋黃綠色。四人身穿白衣,都像天使,在綠色草地上散步、嬉戲。那是多麼諷刺!坐在鞦韆上,Agnes 說:「All my aches and pain were gone. The people I am most fond of in all the world were with me. I could hear their chatting around me. I could feel the presence of their bodies, the warmth of their hands. I wanted to hold the moment fast and thought: Come what may, this is happiness. I cannot wish for anything better. Now, for a few minutes I can experience perfection. And I feel profoundly grateful to my life which gives me so much.」 以這麼舒服、遊閑的情境、畫面,這麼感人感性的自述來比對真正結局的深暗灰調,跟全片的紅、白、黑三色全調對比、跟兩姐妹性格上南轅北撒的對比、跟電影名字Cries & Whispers 的對比都有異曲同工之妙。不是褒曼的話怎想得出!



電影很多部分都很獨特,最與別不同的應該是顔色的運用。電影前段的紅白兩色瘋狂地出現在構圖上,這種頻密聯想到 Kieslowski 的藍、白、紅三部曲。不過即使以紅白二色為主調,我認為導演還很聰明地在很多物件上面放了啡色/啡金色,如枱身枱腳、櫈腳、琴、燭台、鏡框,不單令色彩更為調和,這些紅在啡色的襯托下亦驚艷而優美。

紅色甚至連戲與戲之間的過場都是用了紅幕反非絕大部分電影的黑色。相信平時用黑色來剪接的原因是可以令觀眾集中於故事內容,亦相對地會令剪接較為不經意。但當今次選取一片紅色過場時,好似導演在提醒你這套電影所有故事所有事情都離不開一片紅色,一段故事完了,紅色,另一段故事;紅色,一個角色的半張臉特寫,紅色,角色的回憶,紅色,回到半邊臉的特寫,紅色,繼續故事。紅色的象徵意義灌澈全片,甚麼?還是留給不同的演繹。當拍攝主角們的較內心的戲時,很多時演員都會靠牆,以紅色牆身作一個淨色的Backdrop,所以我也贊同 Vicky 的論點:認為這個紅是代表人性的Soul。





除了畫面上,在聲音上褒曼這次突顯了鐘的滴答聲及鬧鐘的報時噹噹聲(其實畫面也有間中一個個鐘及 Bell的特寫),以聲音描寫時間、描寫Agnes的倒數、用聲音「同步」觀眾與主角之間的時空,這也是很厲害的點子。其實全心投入故事劇情時,不是常常留意到那些滴答聲的,但是總是就會偶而聽到一下「叮~」,或數下慢慢地「答答、答答」,彷彿一路提醒著你時間的流逝、Agnes 的死亡、還有她死後其餘姐妹亦將各走各路。這亦是我觀影經驗中少有的特別體會。


是次活動最後三套褒曼電影將於一月放映,到時再去上課,上一門自己喜歡的課。






補充,comment by Vicky:


Thank you for reorganising my thoughts in your essay. 
I think if we look at the characters as biblical figures, and if Agnes is Jesus and Anna is Virgin Mary,then the two sisters would most probably be the apostles.
Before his death and after his resurrection, Jesus tested the faith of his apostles and some of them failed him, like Judas betrayed him for some silver pieces, and John denied knowing Jesus for 3 times, and some of his disciples didn't believe seeing Jesus after his resurrection, but thought that they had seen a ghost. 
So, like the apostles, the two sisters betrayed Agnes by not providing love and care for her before her death and even denied her request for bodily contact after the resurrection.
I hope this may help you to understand this relationship in a religious way. I didn't have time to go through everything or go into everything deeply during class.

As for saying the colour red represents the soul, it is something directly from Bergman, as I explained in class, and not something originally from me.

Lastly, as I stated in class again, I don't agree that the last episode of reading an early entry of Agnes' diary is anything hopeful or positive. In fact, I think the opposite. I think when we have seen the entire film and known how Karin and Maria are like and how they have treated Agnes, the horror of their selfishness and ignoble behaviour have negated all the beautiful things seen by Agnes in this earlier state of her illness. She now, though in heaven, has obtained the knowledge of the true selves of her two sisters and their cold bloodedness. And so, everything is a tissue of lies as described by Karin before cutting herself. So, the movie ends in a very grim and hopeless note. That's why I stated right in the beginning of the talk that this is like a horror movie cos it is like Kurtz murmuring, "The horror, the horror" in Joseph Conrad's novel "The Heart of Darkness" after seeing the ugly side of the human heart.

If you want to see some hope, wait till Saraband where you can see reconciliation and forgiveness.